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When a more peaceful Southern Africa opened up to the world in the 1990s, it became a transit hub and consumer market for international flows of illegal drugs. This seems paradoxical, for the drug phenomenon, especially in developing regions, is frequently depicted as a consequence of exceptional circumstances ‐ war, the absence of the rule of law, or conversely, the rule of some dictatorial or oppressive regime. How can we explain this boom in drug activities after "normalisation" allowed Southern Africa to linkwith global movements, and not when it was prey to institutionalised racism and war? This article attempts to provide elements for an answer, by suggesting that, at present, drug activities are one of the modes in which substantial, historical, political, social, and economic arrangements are expressed and reproduced within Southern Africa and between it and the rest of the world.

When a more peaceful southern Africa opened up to the world in the 1990s, it became a transit hub & consumer market for international flows of illegal drugs. This seems paradoxical, for the drug phenomenon, especially in developing regions, is frequently depicted as a consequence of exceptional circumstances -- war, the absence of the rule of law, or conversely, the rule of some dictatorial or oppressive regime. How can we explain this boom in drug activities after "normalization" allowed southern Africa to link with global movements, & not when it was prey to institutionalized racism & war? This article attempts to provide elements for an answer, by suggesting that, at present, drug activities are one of the modes in which substantial, historical, political, social, & economic arrangements are expressed & reproduced within southern Africa & between it & the rest of the world. 10 References. Adapted from the source document.

Examines globalization of the illicit drug trade, contending that UN strategies to strengthen current drug-control models ignore the motives, as well as the political, economic, social, & cultural environments, of those involved. It is maintained that focusing on the technical aspects that make the globalization of drugs possible, & equating the drug trade with criminality, ignores the role of narcotics money in the globalization process itself. It is argued that laundered drug funds have been used to subsidize the world economy since the economic crisis of the 1980s. Developing countries in Africa & Latin America use drug profits to repay debts & to integrate national economies into the world economy. Narco-money has offset losses caused by the fall in world prices of export crops & has implemented the privatizations imposed by the International Monetary Fund & the World Bank. It is argued that the interdependence of the legal economy & drug interests makes it almost impossible to distinguish between formal, informal, & criminal economies. J. Lindroth